A Scoping Review: Metabolomics Signatures Associated With Animal or Plant Protein Intake and Their Potential Relation to Cardiometabolic Risk

The dietary shift from animal protein (AP) sources to plant (PP) is promoted for both environmental and health reasons. Indeed, PP are associated lower cardiovascular diabetes risks compared AP, but the underlying mechanisms remain mostly unknown. Metabolomics, which has a unique ability provide an integrative snapshot of metabolic status individual, valuable tool investigate different pathways activated by AP or intake biomarkers their effects. This scoping review aimed at gathering analyzing available data on metabolomics signatures intake, discussing effects these potential implication cardiometabolic health. We selected total 23 human studies comparing urine, plasma serum metabolomes diets with contrasted intakes, such as vegetarian omnivore diets, collected all discriminant metabolites across diets. Out 447 metabolites, 44 were repeatedly reported studies, amino acids (AA) AA-related products accounting high proportion. Branch-chained (BCAA), aromatic (AAA), glutamate, short-chained acylcarnitines Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) while glycine was intake. TCA cycle intermediates AAA gut microbiota degradation also often reported, direction associations remained unclear. As regard health, BCAA, AAA, TMAO known be increased risk rather decreased risk. intakes result in signatures, several being plausible candidates least partially explain differential Additional specific focus type, deep tight control needed better characterize phenotype understand how it could mediate INRAE